Development Failure Analysis Kungkuk Tourism Village (Case Study in Punten Village, Batu City)

alternative development approach to improve people's welfare (Wahyuni, 2018). The success of Abstract. This study aims to analyze the failure of the development of the Kungkuk Village Tourism Village in Punten Village, Batu City. Developing the tourism paradigm in Indonesia has made Tourism Villages a Trend in tourism development. Villages are required to manage and build village potential. However, in the implementation process, it often encounters obstacles such as lack of optimality and even failure in development. Researchers seek to see the role of actors and collaboration to form collaborations between government, private, community, academic, and media (Penta Helix) in developing Tourism Villages. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results showed that the failure of the development of the Kungkuk Village Tourism Village was triggered by a lack of support from the village government, and no village regulation provided an umbrella for the development of the Tourism Village. The strong sectoral ego triggers a low level of collaboration between the government, the private sector, the community, academia, and the media to develop Tourism Villages.


INTRODUCTION
In Indonesia, the development of tourism villages is a projection to boost the state budget. This is stated in the 2020-2024 RPJMN which targets 244 Tourism Villages to be certified as Independent Tourism Villages. The implication of this long-term development plan is that tourism growth in Indonesia has increased rapidly from an economic point of view, but due to the Covid-19 outbreak in the last 2 years, BPS recorded a decline from 12.10% to 3.56%. Tourism development is one of the three main sectors in development, tourism requires an active role from the local community, not just the role and assistance from the government or business development (Marlina, 2019). The roles of these various parties are expected to provide benefits to the local community, especially the community around the tourism area (Fuqoha, 2021). the development of the tourism sector is part of the accumulation of positive tourism trend movements at the regional level (Matthoriq et al., 2021). Tourism Village Development can be understood as a rural area that can promote the overall atmosphere of authenticity from the countryside. Such as natural attractions, local community creativity, culture, which can attract tourist visits (Amir et al., 2020).
Implications in the development of tourist villages can have a positive impact on the community. The development of tourist villages can not only be seen from the growth and development of the tourism sector which is running fast without showing a slowdown but, several studies have seen the development of tourist villages as a strategic position in development policies that have an impact on increasing the country's economy (Nurmayasari, 2017). Providing real benefits to the community through managing village potential with the concept of a tourist village (Junaid, 2020).
However, it is not always the cause of the development of Tourism Villages that has positive implications for the region but also has a negative impact. The development of Tourism Villages in recent years has become an epidemic because villages are competing to develop tourism, but there is an impression that its implementation causes many problems and is not optimal, so that many villages fail (Yusuf Adam Hilman, 2018). High income inequality, loss of community control over economic resources in communities near and far from tourist destinations (DTW) (Jamalina & Wardani, 2017).
The tourism village is developed by involving the cooperation of several community members, which is based on the principle of the independence of one or several elements of the community, but involves various elements (Junaid, 2020). Tourism Villages generally have the following elements: First, attractions or tourist attractions, namely natural attractions, local dining, cultural arts and so on which are developed as tourist attractions. Second, Anciliries or accommodation or infrastructure such as transportation services, the availability of homestays and villas, clean water and so on. Third, accessibility or infrastructure. Fourth, amenities or institutions. Fifth, community involvement or community support (Eka Krisna Yanti, 2021).
The development of tourist villages in Batu City is contained in the Regional Spatial Plan for the period 2010-2030. After this policy, the development of tourist villages in Batu City can optimize the potential of the village by involving the participation of the community through community empowerment (Kirana & Artisa, 2020). In the process of tourism development and development, it is the capital to survive in the face of dynamic developments and dynamics in Village and has the potential to be developed into a favorite area. Therefore, in its development it is necessary to have the cooperation and integrity of the actors in it (Kirana & Artisa, 2020).
Several studies view the development of Tourism Villages as a process that focuses on developing Tourism Villages and advancing them. Development of Tourism Villages to meet the needs of tourists and fulfill and complement the needs in the tourism (Arida & Pujani, 2017).
According to (Kirana & Artisa, 2020) Tourism village development is considered not to work with only one actor but must involve several actors who can support the development of tourist villages. Meanwhile, according to (Saepudin et al., 2019) the development of tourist villages as economic and tourism assets has 3 principles, namely: (1) community empowerment (2) does not conflict with local culture (3) construction of facilities to improve the environment.
Several previous researchers have reviewed the development of tourism villages, strategies for successful village development in improving socio-economic conditions, with this strategy the government is able to encourage the development of new tourism that is oriented towards environmental sustainability, community culture and is able to provide long-term benefits for the community (Jamalina & Wardani, 2017). Other research (Husni & Safaat, 2019) explained that the development of tourist villages can build economic competition, competition not only in employment but also in capital. Within the local capitalist group, they compete with capitalists outside the village and outside the country. If this condition is left unchecked, it will lead to conflict between local communities and migrants. Some research shows that the development of Tourism Villages as an asset to increase the income of an area and is able to improve the welfare of the community. However, it also has a negative impact on the existence of a tourist village. Therefore, with these problems, cooperation or collaboration by related parties is needed in the development of Tourism Villages. Tourism village development model through the collaboration of the Pentahelix model. The pentahelix model is a socio-economic development model through collaboration and partnership.
according to (Aribowo et al., 2018) In creating quality activities, facilities, services and providing value for tourism benefits in order to provide benefits and benefits for the community. So the tourism system requires the role of Government (Government), Business (Business), Academic (Academics), Community (community) and Publication (Media) (Vani et al., 2020). From each related collaboration, it will be needed to develop tourism more optimally.
Previous research only looked at the role of collaboration and actors in supporting the realization of a tourist village and the impact of developing a tourist village. In the tourism village development program the role of the pentahelix model stakeholders carries out their duties and functions in accordance with their roles, the government plays an important role in the development process by holding training in order to form quality human resources, providing physical infrastructure by expanding various forms of facilities, coordination between stakeholders from several parties so that the development of tourism villages is optimal (Saputri et al., 2020).
In contrast to previous research, this study tries to analyze the failure in the development of the Kungkuk village tourism village in 2007 to 2009, the failure in the development of the Kungkuk tourist village in the Punten village in that year was triggered by the pros and cons, social jealousy from internal and external parties, in 2012 Kungkuk tourist village is starting to pioneer again but its development is still slow. By using the pentahelix model the researcher tries to reveal why the pentehelix concept in the development of the kungkuk tourist village failed to realize a tourist village.

METHODS
This research uses a qualitative research type with a case study approach. This type of research and approach was chosen because the researcher wanted to describe how the pentahelix model was applied in the development of the kungkuk tourist village considering that among the development of tourist villages in Batu City, the only tourism village development that failed. The data technique is carried out by means of observation and interviews as well as direct documentation with the object of research. The data analysis method is carried out by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions (Budiyah, 2020). This study aims to present information regarding the analysis of failures in the development of Tourism Villages.
The location of this research is Kungkuk Tourism Village in Punten Village, Batu City. The data used are primary and secondary data to produce primary data, so individual interviews are used to obtain information and views regarding the involvement of community participation in the development of tourist villages. Interviews are used as a reference to obtain data information from informants. In addition to primary data from interviews, observations were made by looking for secondary data from journals, websites, government published reports and so on.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Batu City is a new city that is even 18 years old since it was established as a city on October 17, 2001, now it has solidified into a better local government. Where tourism is the main choice for this city icon. When referring to the history of Batu City, it has long been famous since the time of Ir. Soekarno with the nickname "De Klain Switzerland" which is famous for its cool air and agricultural potential in this city which is also superior.
Along with the development of the economic situation and conditions in Batu City which declined due to the declining price of apples, people's interest began to shift to tourism. Therefore, the government created a program to highlight the tourism potential of the village, The application of the pentahelix model in the development of tourist villages involves five elements, namely the government which is generally a bureaucracy which is seen as an administrative agent responsible for the implementation of both developed and developing countries. Community is an actor who plays a role in the implementation of development are communities and groups. Businesses take advantage of business development in achieving business goals. Academic is another institution that is often involved in policy implementation.
Media is a process of public policy to provide space for the public and the government to understand social problems and solve these problems.

Village
Cooperation is strengthening relationships and engagements in harmonizing development, synergizing potential with third parties, and increasing the exchange of knowledge and technology in order to develop regional potential (Ikasari, 2018). One of the development strategies that can be done to maximize the potential that exists in the Kampung Kungkuk Tourism Village is to implement the Pentahelix model in tourism development that has been carried out previously (Saputri et al., 2020). The following is a comparison table before and after collaboration with other agencies on the development of the kungkuk tourism village can show in table 1.
The development of the Kungkuk village tourism village from the results of the research has applied the Pentahelix model, which involves five elements: government, community, private sector, academics, and media. Based on the results of the study, from table 2 in the discussion section, it is explained that the tourism sector when managed properly will improve the economy, namely through visiting tourists, with a tourism village development policy directed by academics aiming to improve and develop the quality and professionalism of human resources. competency based.
Academics play a role in providing views and analysis based on objectivity of data in the field regarding the level of development to advance tourism through various research, analysis and development of human resources and the main thing is collaboration with the government in order to provide a bridge to the process of building facilities and infrastructure and developing tourist villages. The media must be able to act as an expander, meaning that the media is able to spread the profile of the potential possessed by the Kungkuk village tourism village. . In addition, cooperation with the private sector and the private community also helps the development of the Kungkuk Village Tourism Village with the addition of private packages. The media also acts as a source of informants who attract tourists to visit the Kungkuk Village Tourism Village. While the discussion section of table 1 explains that the tourism sector that is not managed properly will cause delays in the process of developing tourist villages.

The Future of Tourism Villages in Kungkuk Tourism Village
Various colors regarding the potential of villages and abundant natural resources in various parts of Indonesia, therefore, the government aims to determine tourist destinations that are popular and develop more widely, the orientation of which is the introduction of culture and nature as tourism village development. Kungkuk Tourism Village is a tour that is geographically located on a hill near a forest with its natural potential, namely Agro-agriculture as educational tourism.  (Pusparani & Rianto, 2021). In addition, several studies that have been described in the introduction show that the synergy between the five elements in the pentahelix concept is very necessary in the process of developing a tourist village. In this study, we can see in the discussion that not all tourist villages experience success in development, from the five elements, namely government, business, community, academics and the media, balanced cooperation is needed for the roles of each field. So that the development process does not fail as in the kungkuk tourist village.

CONCLUSIONS
The tourism industry is one of the largest foreign exchange earners in Indonesia, especially tourist villages which are currently a trend in the tourism sector. Villages are encouraged to be able to develop various innovations in managing village potential to improve the welfare and independence of the community. To realize this development, of course, it must be realized synergistically with all parties, especially in the form of collaboration with PentaHelix, both government, private, community, universities, and the media. In strengthening actors from the cooperation of the five elements, namely government, private sector, community, academic and media. However, in the process of implementing these innovations they often experience a lack of optimization and even fail in the development and mobilization sector in the economic sector, the dominant factor causing the failure in this study is the village government and the media, the absence of regulations regarding Tourism Villages from the village government as a reference for development tourist village. In addition, to develop the kungkuk tourism village, the media has a large enough influence in the development process, therefore marketing from creative youth youth groups is needed to promote the kungkuk tourism village. Another obstacle is the lack of cooperation and coordination among the various elements. This study has limitations, including the limited number of informants, where the representative of the Pentahelix model is only represented by one informant. It is hoped that in future research, more resource persons are needed.