Effect of Kinesthetic Perception, Eye-Hand Coordination, and Motivation on Lay Up Shoot

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a direct or indirect influence between kinesthetic perception, hand-eye coordination, and motivation for the shoot lay-up. The research method used in this study is Path Analysis to look for effects or relationships that affect variables. The subjects used in this study were Kuningan basketball athletes with 35 athletes. The results of this study show 1). There is a positive influence between kinesthetic perception (X1) on lay-up shoot skills (Y) in basketball athletes, 2) There is a positive influence between hand-eye coordination (X2) on a shoot (Y) lay-up skills in basketball athletes, 3 ) There is a positive influence between motivation (X3) on the skill speed of the lay-up shoot (Y) in basketball athletes, 4) There is a positive influence between kinesthetic perception (X1) on motivation (X3) on basketball athletes, 5) There is effect positive between hand-eye coordination (X2) to motivation (X3) in basketball athletes, 6) There is a positive influence between kinesthetic perception (X1) on shoot shoot-up skills (Y) through motivation (X3) in basketball athletes and 7 ) There is a positive influence of handeye coordination (X2) on a shoot (Y) through motivation (X3) lay-up skills in basketball athletes. Keyword: perception, kinesthetic, coordination, motivation, shoot lay-up © 2021 Gilang Ramadan, Ardin Abdul Gani, Arief Ibnu Haryanto, Giofandi Samin, Iwan Fataha, Sulasikin Sahdi Kadir Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0


INTRODUCTION
In the current era of development, people are starting to realize the importance of sports, both as recreational sports, achievement sports, and educational sports.
With an increasing public understanding of the importance of sports development, marks based on educational sports and recreational sports gradually begin to move towards achievement sports. One of them is the development of the basketball game, which is starting to get attention in the public's eyes in general. The public's interest in this sport is increasing every year; this can be reflected in the consistently held championships to invite many spectators.
If we look at it, the basketball game is undoubtedly straightforward to do. In doing the basic techniques, the lay-up shoot is undoubtedly not as easy as it seems; there are so many components to becoming a perfect and beautiful movement pattern. Success in an appearance, especially in carrying out the basic techniques of someone who will do it, will very often depend on how much he can detect, feel and use the information he receives, the information he gets, both information that comes from outside (exteroceptive) and from inside (proprioceptive). Perception comes from the Latin perception, perception, which means action organize, recognize, and interpret sensory information to provide an overview and understanding of the environment.
Perception includes all signals in the nervous system resulting from physical or chemical stimulation of the sensory organs. Thus, the statement implies an understanding that kinesthetic perception refers to the body's ability to perceive or feel body movements so that it is not uncommon for kinesthetic perception to be called kinesthetic sense, which means a function of the organs of the body that is closely related to the position or position of the body. Body move. Success in performance depends on how effectively the performer detects, perceives, and uses appropriate sensory information.
Kinesthetic perception is a stimulus to a person's body or body parts that move simultaneously due to the stimulation of the senses (Arga Baskoro, 2016). So that one's feelings can give an idea of the position of the body or body parts to move further because one's five senses can control movements more accurately (Arga Baskoro, 2016). This implies that the human body can feel and hold the position of its body so that it can control movements or determine the amount of muscle work that will be carried out consciously so that the activities that will be produced are full of calculations, not only being able to do it in a specific time but eventually becoming motion automation.
Playing basketball relies on excellent physical strength in playing basketball because the movement or skill involved involves several elements, which are then assembled into a complex movement pattern. The role of eye-hand coordination in playing basketball is vital in supporting shooting skills. Because the better eye-hand coordination an athlete has, the better it will be when the athlete makes an accurate under basketball shot. Coordination can integrate various movement patterns towards an effective movement pattern (Sugiyanto & Kristiiyanto, 1998).
So we can conclude that eye-hand coordination is a person's ability to integrate movement abilities between the eyes when receiving stimuli with hand movements. If these two patterns are made into one action, it will produce a coordinated, effective, and efficient movement pattern. Thus coordinated motion is a motion that is interconnected in its function so that eye-hand coordination is a motion that is a harmonious combination of balance timing and muscle coordination. Timing is a regulation of rhythm in a movement, which can be manifested in a timely contraction of a group of muscles to produce fast, sequential action.
While balance has an influential center of gravity in the plane of support and a vestibular function supported by the eye. (Suharno, 1993)  Motivation in carrying out sports activities is both extrinsic and intrinsic; motives are essential in sport, and sports psychologists can work with both extrinsic and intrinsic reasons to improve the performance of the individual (Jarvis, 2006). From this opinion, it can be concluded that motivation is a willingness that arises from within a person to work or practice harder; this is because he is driven by something.
In this case, it is the motivation to train basketball athletes to practice more than usual.
One form of encouragement carried out by individuals in achieving a goal and activity is called a solid motivational basis for training. Motivation is the excellent power of internal or external that encourages a person to perform specific predetermined goals. With a psychological approach, it is expected that athletes in every appearance can show strong motivation to play their best to win matches.
Motivation is related to a goal; for example, a basketball player diligently trains tirelessly because he hopes to win in the match he will do. Thus, motivation affects the activity; in connection with this, there are three functions of reason, namely: (1) Encouraging people to act, (2) Determining the direction of action, (3) Selecting actions. In other words, motivation exists within a person and is inseparable in daily activities; even someone will really need a reason in carrying out activities such as sports, work, and even living (Ramadan & Ningrum, 2019).
Every coach and player understands the role of kinesthetic perception in increasing the athlete's understanding in learning a complex movement to assess whether the activity is appropriate or still has shortcomings. Likewise, with eye-hand coordination and motivation, the better the coordination of an athlete, the better he or she can perform complex movements, and good reason will be able to bring an athlete to perform better. However, awareness of these three variables is not accompanied by how much these three variables influence the individual athlete's ability in the basic lay-up shoot technique.
About previous studies, there has been no research that has the similarity of each research variable explicitly. However, several previous studies have similarities with each of the variables in this study, such as the effect of the exercise approach and eye-hand coordination on the shooting accuracy of extracurricular basketball participants (Hermawan & Rachman, 2018), then the Contribution of Leg Muscle Power, Kinesthetic Perception and Eye Coordination Hand Against the Success of the Basketball Jump Shoot (Rosmi, 2016).
According to researchers, an athlete needs to have good kinesthetic perception skills to learn complex movements quickly. But even an athlete must be able to have good coordination and motivation in terms of achievement. Therefore, to get an accurate picture of how the relationship between variables and how each variable affects each other, researchers are very interested in exploring this problem, especially when viewed from previous research there has been no research that has the same variables and research methods so that this will create an update of the initial analysis, for the sport itself.

METHODS
The research method used in this study is a quantitative approach, a survey method with measurement and test techniques. In contrast, the analysis technique uses a path analysis approach, which is a technique for analyzing causal relationships that occur in multiple regression if the independent variable affects the dependent variable or not. Only directly but also indirectly.
The subjects used in this study were 35 basketball athletes in the Kuningan area. The tests were given to determine the effect of each variable, so the sample was given four tests to assess the impact of each variable. The instrument is used to determine how much influence is generated on the lay-up shoot.
First, the instrument used for kinesthetic perception is the perception distance jump test (Johnson, BL, & Nelson, 1986), while the test instrument for eye-hand coordination uses a tennis ball catch (Nurhasan, 2000) for The motivation for the test was given with a questionnaire that the researcher had made and for the lay-up shoot test using the lay-up shoot ability test (Nurhasan, 2000). each test is carried out in stages to determine the ability of the lay-up shoot. After analyzing the causal structural model, the results obtained are used to test hypotheses and to measure the percentage of direct or indirect influence between variables. The proposed theory will be drawn by calculating the path coefficients and significance for each path studied.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Since the data processing in this study uses statistical tests with path analysis techniques, it is necessary to test requirements analysis so that the results can be used to conclude. In this study, the test requirement referred to is the normality test.
To see whether the data obtained from each research variable were average or not, a normality test was performed using the Liliefors test. If the result of the highest Account (L0) from the group of variables studied is smaller than the L table (Lt) in the list, the data is usually distributed.
While what is meant by Account (L0) is the difference between the most significant absolute price between the raw data opportunities and the raw data proportions. For more details, the results of calculating the normality of the variables studied using the Liliefors test at a significance level of a = 0.05. This is illustrated in Furthermore, after going through the normality test of the data with the Liliefors test followed by the homogeneity test, this is used to determine whether the population variance is the same or not. This test is carried out as a prerequisite in the analysis, namely for researchers who use more than one sample group, which is generally used to prove comparative hypotheses. The underlying assumption in the study of variance is that the contentions of the population are the same. As a test criterion, if the significance value is more than 0.05, it can be said that the conflicts of two or more data groups are the same.  The total effect of X1 on Y = 0,960.  Second, the hypothesis is that there is a significant effect of kinesthetic perception, hand-eye coordination, and motivation on lay-up shoot skills after jointly testing the hypothesis is substantial and when individual testing is also substantial. These findings indicate that to improve shoot lay-up skills. Every basketball player must have an excellent kinesthetic perception, eye-hand coordination, and motivation, all of which have a contribution of 63.80% to be able to improve shoot lay-up skills.

CONCLUSION
Based on the data analysis and statistical calculations described in the previous review from the discussion of research results conducted on basketball athletes, Kab. Kuningan, then at this point, the following conclusions are put forward.
By paying attention to the description above, it is clear that knowledge of the status of an athlete's physical and mental condition and which components of physical condition are more supportive of all sports because it is one of the critical factors for a coach or sports coach of achievement who wants to succeed in coaching towards the athlete. Therefore, a coach or coach of sports achievements must know which components of physical and mental condition and which techniques contribute more dominantly than the other components to develop an efficient and adequate physical exercise program. They will be more careful in estimating the results obtained.
Athletes will be able to achieve when participating in competitions, especially basketball, and will be able to accurately evaluate the effects of achievements that have been achieved by athletes, including in coaching the athlete's physical condition.