GAYA TASYBIH DALAM JUZ KEDUA PULUH DELAPAN AL-QUR’AN: ANALISIS BALAGHAH, FUNGSI SEMANTIK, DAN ORIENTASI MORAL

Djahrawati M. Kadir; Chaterina P. Doni; Sriwahyuningsih R. Saleh

GAYA TASYBIH DALAM JUZ KEDUA PULUH DELAPAN AL-QUR’AN: ANALISIS BALAGHAH, FUNGSI SEMANTIK, DAN ORIENTASI MORAL

Djahrawati M. Kadir, Chaterina P. Doni, Sriwahyuningsih R. Saleh

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis gaya tasybih dalam juz kedua puluh delapan Al-Qur’an dengan menelaah jenis, tujuan retoris, dan orientasi moralnya. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan dan analisis dokumen kontekstual. Data primer berupa ayat-ayat yang mengandung konstruksi perbandingan eksplisit maupun implisit, sedangkan data sekunder mencakup karya balaghah klasik, studi Al-Qur’an, dan penelitian linguistik mutakhir. Analisis dilakukan melalui empat tahap, yaitu identifikasi ungkapan, klasifikasi jenis tasybih, pemeriksaan unsur-unsurnya, dan interpretasi fungsi retoris berdasarkan konteks ayat dan surah. Hasil penelitian menemukan 15 data pada enam surah. Tasybih mufassal berjumlah 40%, tasybih baligh 33,33%, dan tasybih mujmal 26,67%. Sebanyak 22 kemunculan tujuan retoris teridentifikasi karena satu ungkapan dapat menjalankan beberapa fungsi sekaligus. Fungsi dominan meliputi penjelasan keadaan, peneguhan makna, penghiasan, pencelaan, peringatan, dan pengaruh emosional. Citra bangunan kokoh, kayu tersandar, perisai, dan keledai pembawa kitab mengubah konsep moral abstrak menjadi representasi konkret. Temuan menegaskan bahwa tasybih Qur’ani merupakan perangkat semantik, persuasif, dan edukatif yang membentuk penilaian etis serta menguatkan pesan sosial-spiritual surah-surah Madaniyah.

Keywords

tasybih; juz kedua puluh delapan; ilmu bayan; balaghah Al-Qur’an; fungsi moral

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