Komunikasi Antarumat Beragama, Politik Identitas, dan Relasi Mayoritas–Minoritas: Studi Komparatif Myanmar, Thailand Selatan, dan Kamboja

 Kartin Potutu, Rivalni Thamrin

Abstract


Hubungan antarumat beragama di Asia Selatan dan Asia Tenggara tidak dapat dijelaskan hanya melalui perbedaan doktrin, karena konfigurasi politik, kewarganegaraan, etnisitas, sejarah wilayah, kebijakan negara, dan komunikasi antarkelompok turut menentukan apakah perbedaan agama berkembang menjadi konflik atau koeksistensi. Artikel ini membandingkan relasi Muslim sebagai kelompok minoritas dalam tiga konteks mayoritas Buddhis, yaitu Myanmar, Thailand Selatan, dan Kamboja. Kajian disusun sebagai studi komparatif kualitatif berbasis analisis dokumen dengan menggunakan catatan penelitian yang telah diekstraksi dari naskah sumber dan korpus 50 publikasi ilmiah, 46 di antaranya terbit pada 2021–2026. Analisis difokuskan pada lima dimensi: kewarganegaraan dan pengakuan, politik identitas, kebijakan bahasa dan budaya, kekerasan serta keamanan, dan pola komunikasi serta interrelasi. Hasil menunjukkan tiga lintasan yang berbeda. Myanmar memperlihatkan hubungan kuat antara eksklusi kewarganegaraan, nasionalisme Buddhis, dan produksi Rohingya sebagai kelompok luar. Thailand Selatan menunjukkan bahwa konflik Patani berakar pada sejarah wilayah, asimilasi budaya, ketimpangan struktural, dan tata kelola keamanan yang kemudian memperoleh artikulasi keagamaan. Sebaliknya, Kamboja memperlihatkan transisi dari penghancuran komunitas Cham pada masa Khmer Rouge menuju pengakuan dan akomodasi yang lebih besar terhadap identitas Muslim. Temuan lintas kasus menegaskan bahwa status minoritas agama bukan penyebab yang memadai bagi konflik. Konflik meningkat ketika perbedaan identitas dipadukan dengan ancaman yang dipersepsikan, eksklusi politik, dan komunikasi yang buruk, sedangkan pengakuan hak, partisipasi, dialog, dan institusi yang inklusif memperbesar peluang koeksistensi.

Keywords


komunikasi antarumat beragama; minoritas Muslim; politik identitas; resolusi konflik; Asia Tenggara

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