Keanekaragaman dan Preferensi Pakan Kuskus Beruang Sulawesi (Ailurops ursinus) di Suaka Margasatwa Manembo-nembo Sulawesi Utara

 Terri Repi, Susan Mokoolang, Widiastuti Ardiansyah, Indri Afriani Yasin, Ramlan Pomolango

Abstract


Manembo-nembo Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the conservation areas for Sulawesi bear cuscus (A. ursinus) in North Sulawesi Province. As one of the endemic marsupial species of Sulawesi, the species continues to be threatened and is included in the IUCN red list. This study aims to determine the diversity of feed and feed preferences of A. ursinus. This study was conducted for approximately 1 month (October 22 - November 29, 2009), using the focal animal sampling method. The results found that A. ursinus in Manembo-nembo Wildlife Sanctuary consumed 13 spesies of feed included in 8 families, with a moderate diversity of feed H'=2.398 (1<H'<3) and a moderate richness of feed R=2.553 (2.5<R<4). A. ursinus most often consumes young leaves (56.8%), followed by leaf shoots (12%), fruit (10.4%), flowers (9.6%), and mature leaves (8.8%). Based on the preference index, 5 feed preferences were obtained by A. ursinus, namely: Dracontomelon dao (w=3.34), Garuga floribunda (w=3.23), Palaquium amboinense (w=2.93), Mangifera indica (w=2.64), and Cananga odorata (w=1.63). The existence of food preferences by A. ursinus is also supported by the results of the Chi-square (χ2) test which obtained a χ2 hit value > X2, which is 42.96 > 12.026, with Asymp. Sig. 0.000 < 0.05.

Suaka Margasatwa (SM) Manembo-nembo merupakan salah satu kawasan konservasi kuskus beruang Sulawesi (A. ursinus) di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Sebagai salah satu spesies marsupial endemik Sulawesi, spesies ini terus mengalami ancaman dan masuk dalam daftar merah IUCN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis pakan dan preferensi pakan A. ursinus. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama kurang lebih 1 bulan (22 Oktober – 29 November 2009), menggunakan metode focal animal sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa A. ursinus di SM Manembo-nembo mengkonsumsi 13 jenis pakan yang termasuk dalam 8 famili, dengan keanekaragaman jenis pakan yang tergolong sedang H'=2,398 (1<H'<3) dan kekayaan jenis pakan yang juga tergolong sedang R=2,553 (2,5<R<4). A. ursinus di SM Manembo-nembo paling sering mengkonsumsi daun muda (56,8%), selanjutnya diikuti oleh pucuk daun (12%), buah (10,4%), bunga (9,6%), dan daun tua (8,8%). Berdasarkan indeks preferensi, diperoleh 5 preferensi pakan tertinggi oleh A. ursinus, yaitu: Dracontomelon dao (w=3,34), Garuga floribunda (w=3,23), Palaquium amboinense (w=2,93), Mangifera indica (w=2,64), dan Cananga odorata (w=1,63). Adanya preferensi pakan oleh A. ursinus di SM Manembo-nembo juga didukung oleh hasil uji Chi-square (χ2) yang memeroleh nilai χ 2 hit > X2, yaitu 42,96 > 12,026, dengan Asymp. Sig. 0,000 < 0,05.


Keywords


Ailurops ursinus; Feed; Manembo-nembo wildlife sanctuary; Marsupial

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/jstt.3.2.150-64.2025

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