Theoretical Review on the Effectiveness of Customary Land Rights Registration Policy in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review

 Rosyida Rahmawati, Irfan Ridwan Maksum

Abstract


The registration of customary land rights (Hak Ulayat) of Indigenous Law Communities (Masyarakat Hukum Adat/MHA) has become an important issue in Indonesia’s land governance reform. Despite the issuance of Ministerial Regulation ATR/BPN No. 14/2024, policy implementation remains uneven across regions and faces administrative, legal, and socio-political challenges. This study aims to analyze research trends and identify conceptual gaps regarding the effectiveness of customary land registration policies in Indonesia. The research applies a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA protocol on 27 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2020 and 2025. Bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer and a theoretical review of public policy and policy implementation effectiveness were also conducted. The findings identify four dominant thematic clusters: policy implementation, land use planning, land tenure, and governance. The literature indicates that the effectiveness of customary land registration is influenced not only by regulatory frameworks but also by administrative capacity, legal pluralism, intergovernmental coordination, and power relations among state actors, indigenous communities, and economic interests. The study further highlights the relevance of William N. Dunn’s effectiveness theory, Hill and Hupe’s implementation model, and Goggin et al.’s communication model as analytical frameworks for evaluating policy effectiveness. A significant research gap is identified, as no previous study has specifically examined the implementation effectiveness of Indonesia’s customary land registration policy from a public administration perspective. This article provides a conceptual foundation for future empirical research on customary land registration policy implementation in Indonesia

Keywords


Customary; Land Rights; Indigenous; Communities; Policy

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/pjia.15.1.269-283.2026

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