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DARI HIPERTENSI HINGGA PENCEGAHAN STROKE: PERAN PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN, AKSES LAYANAN KESEHATAN, DAN PEMAHAMAN BUDAYA
Suharno Usman, Fitriani Fitriani, Christha TamburianAbstract
Hipertensi telah terbukti secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko stroke, dan efektivitas penanganannya bergantung pada pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik pencegahan pasien Tujuan. untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kesadaran hipertensi dan pencegahan stroke, termasuk pendidikan, akses layanan kesehatan, perilaku, dan aspek budaya, dengan penekanan pada pentingnya pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik pencegahan pasien. Metode. Studi ini melibatkan 330 dewasa dengan hipertensi, mengukur tingkat pengetahuan hipertensi, gejala, faktor risiko stroke, sikap terhadap stroke, dan praktik pencegahan. Variabel yang diteliti mencakup sosiodemografis, klinis, perilaku, akses layanan kesehatan, dan budaya Minahasa. Analisis dilakukan dengan regresi logistik multivariabel untuk mendapatkan rasio odds (OR). Hasil. studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa 75,8% peserta memiliki pengetahuan rendah tentang hipertensi, dengan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi adalah pendidikan kesehatan dan akses terhadap fasilitas perawatan kesehatan. Program pendidikan kesehatan terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara sikap terhadap stroke dengan faktor seperti merokok, konsumsi alkohol, dan tingkat pendidikan yang lebih tinggi, yang berkorelasi dengan praktik pencegahan yang lebih baik. Kesimpulan: pendidikan, akses perawatan kesehatan, perilaku, dan budaya berpengaruh pada hipertensi dan stroke, sehingga strategi pendidikan kesehatan yang responsif secara budaya dapat meningkatkan pencegahan stroke di individu dengan hipertensi.
ABSTRACT
Hypertension has been proven to significantly increase the risk of stroke, and the effectiveness of its management depends on patients' knowledge, attitudes, and prevention practices. Objective: To explore factors influencing hypertension awareness and stroke prevention—including education, healthcare access, behaviour, and cultural aspects—with an emphasis on the importance of patients' knowledge, attitudes, and prevention practices. Methods: This study involved 330 adults with hypertension, measuring their levels of knowledge regarding hypertension, symptoms, and stroke risk factors, as well as their attitudes toward stroke and prevention practices. Variables examined included sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioural factors, healthcare access, and Minahasa culture. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine odds ratios (OR). Results: The study revealed that 75.8% of participants had low knowledge of hypertension; key influencing factors were health education and access to healthcare facilities. Health education programs proved effective in improving knowledge. Significant associations were found between attitudes toward stroke and factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and higher education levels, all of which correlated with better prevention practices. Conclusion: Education, healthcare access, behaviour, and culture influence hypertension and stroke outcomes; therefore, culturally responsive health education strategies could enhance stroke prevention among individuals with hypertension..
Keywords : hypertension; stroke prevention; health literacy; cultural competence; health education and access
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